Swing-type material moving machine



April 30, 1957 v. s. MANDT SWING-TYPE MATERIAL MOVING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 21, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

M gmflzhwzm' A ril 30, 1-957 v. G. MANDT SWING-TYPE MATERIAL MOVING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Feb. 21, 1950 April 1957 v. G. MANDT 7 2,790,568

SWING-TYPE MATERIAL MOVING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 21. 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 6

INVENTOR. W,

April 30, 1957 v. G. MANDT 2,790,568

SWING-TYPE MATERIAL. MOVING MACHINE Original Filed Feb. 21, 1950 4 SheetsSheet 4 IN VEN TOR. M4441 Ag. W

United States Patent SWING-TYPE MATERIAL MOVEJG MACHINE Vernon G. Mandt, Milwaukee, Wis.

Continuation of application Serial No. 145,363, February 21, 1950. This application June 30, 1955, Serial No. 519,130

4 Claims. (Cl. 214132) The present invention relates to a loading machine, and more particularly to a loading machine of the type in which the material to be moved is loaded at the front of the machine, is then lifted and is then turned and unloaded from the side of the machine. This application is a continuation of application Serial No. 145,363, filed February 21, 1950, and now abandoned.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a loading machine including a self-propelled vehicle which carries a turntable. This turntable is revolvable about a substantially vertical axis in either direction. A boom is pivotally carried on the turntable. A hydraulic jack is also carried by the turntable, one end of which being connected to the boom and the other end being connected with the table. Since the boom is carried by the turntable, it can be turned to a position in front of 'the machine; the free end thereof can be lowered by manipulating the jack and when in the lowered position it can pick up the load; it then can be raised by the hydraulic jack and simultaneously turned either to the right or left side of the machine for unloading purposes.

In accordance with the present invention, the jack and boom are so arranged on the turntable that the greatest moving power of the jack is utilized at the time that the greatest energy is necessary to move the boom and the load thereon.

A further detail of the present invention lies in hydraulic cylinder and ram assembly for rotating the turntable, the gearing between the hydraulic assembly being such, with respect to the stroke of the hydraulic assembly, that the turntable and the boom carried thereby can be rotated approximately 180 by a full stroke of the ram. If, for example, the boom is in its central or forward position, the operator merely moves a control valve for the hydraulic fluid and the ram will stop at the end of its stroke without further control by the operator, and the turntable and the boom will have moved to a selected position on one side of the vehicle.

A further object of the invention is to provide an accessory which cooperates with and forms an extension of the boom and which can be manipulated by hydraulic mechanism carried by the boom.

Designation of figures Fig. 1 is a side view of the improved loading machine, parts thereof being broken 'away to more clearly show certain mechanisms.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the driving mechanism for turning the turntable.

Fig.3 is a front view of the machine, showing the turntable and boom turned 90 from the position shown in Fig. 1 and showing the boom in the elevated position.

Fig. 4 is a view of the boom.

Fig; -5 is a fragmentary sectional view of the boom, the. section being taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

, Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view of the boom. Fig 7 is a fragmentary view of the turntable and the roller pads therefor, the view being similar to 'thatlshown 'ice in Fig. 3 but showing parts thereof broken away to more clearly illustrate the roller pads and the rollers.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view of the side of the front end of the machine showing how ian attachment other than a bucket may be utilized by the machine.

Although the law requires a full and exact description of at least one form of the invention, such as that which follows, it is, of course, one purpose of a patent to cover each new inventive concept therein no matter how it may later be disguised by variations in form or additions of further improvements; and the appended claims are intended to accomplish this purpose by particularly pointing out the parts, improvements, or combinations in which the inventive concepts are found.

General description Referring generally to the drawings, the vehicle is in the form of a tractor 20 including a frame formed of heavy metal. This frame 21 supports axles 22therebelow which are driven through differential gearing enclosed within the housing 24. The axle drives the front wheels 25 and 26. The frame 21 also carries axles for the rear wheels 28. The vehicle is guided by turning the rear wheels 28 through conventional steering mechanism, of which the steering wheel 29, steering column 30 (and one of the steering rods 31 are shown. The rear upper part of the frame 21 carries a motor or engine 33 which is used for propelling the vehicle through the front wheels, and is also used for actuating a hydraulic pump (not shown). The hydraulic pump is utilized for actuating hydraulic motors, to be described later.

The loading machine also includes \21 boom 35 which is pivotally mounted, by a pivot 36, on a turntable 37. T urntable 37 is arranged to revolve on a roller pad 38. The boom is raised and lowered by a hydraulic jack 40' Referring more in detail to the drawings, the upper part of the front of the fname 21 carries a platform 42 and the roller pad 38 is carried on the platform. The roller pad 38 is in the form of a spool, having a vertical axis, an upper flange 43 and a lower flange 44, which flanges provide, respectively, roller pad surfaces 45 and 46. The upper pad 45 slopes inwardly downwardly and the lower pad 46 slopes inwardly upwardly. Four rollers are car ried by the platform 42 of the turntable 37. The two forward rollers 49 are arranged to ride upon the pad 45 while the two rear rollers 50 are arranged to ride on the pad 46. I

A large sprocket gear 51 is disposed below the platform 42 on the frame and is axially aligned with the roller pad 38 and the turntable 37. This sprocket 51 is suitably connected concentrically, through the spool to the turntable 37. This sprocket 51 includes teeth 52 which mesh with a sprocket chain 53. The ends of this chain 53 are connected with spaced rams 54 and 55, which latter are arranged to reciprocate, respectively, in cylinders 55 and 57. Cylinders 56 and 57 are carried by opposite sides of the frame 21. The size of the sprocket gear 51 and the stroke of the rams are so computed that the sprocket 51 is turned substantially 180 when the rams move from one extreme position in the cylinder to the other extreme position in the cylinder. Therefore, if the sprocket gear 51 is in its midway position and if the hydraulic control valves are actuated to admit fluid to, for example, the right end of cylinder 56 and the left end of cylinder 57 (at which time hydraulic fluid will flow out of the left end of cylinder 56 and the right end of cylinder 57), the sprocket 51 will be rotated counterclockwise and then stopped because the rams have reached the ends of their strokes. It will be understood that suitable standard valve control equipment will'be employed such as relief valves. To rotate the sprocket in the opposite directions, the fluid is admitted to the left of hydraulic liquid is limited.

end of cylinder 56 and the right end of cylinder 57 and the liquid fluid will be permitted to escape through the right end 'of cylinder 56 and the left end of cylinder 57.

Since the sprocket 51 drives the turntable 37, it also will be moved 90 from its neutral or center position, shown in Fig. l, and then stop, automatically.

The free or forward end of the boom 35, as shown in Fig. l, pivotally supports a work tool and the present invention is particularly useful for actuating a bucket 59. As shown, this bucket is provided with two brackets 60 at its lower rear end which are pivotally connected by pivots 62 to the tines 63 of the bifurcated 64 lower end of the boom 35. Referring to Fig. 4, it will be seen that these tines 63 merge with a tubular portion 66 of the boom. This boom 35 also includes a rear or a cover portion 67 and it is the extreme rear of this cover portion 67 which is pivoted by pivot 36 to cars 68 extending upwardly on the extreme rear of the turntable 37. When the boom is in its foremost lowermost position as shown in Fig. l, the cover portion 67 is generally horizontal and the tube 66 and tine portions 63 extend forwardly and downwardly.

The boom as illustrated is arranged to be forced forwardly directly by the frame 21 when the vehicle is moved forwardly. For this purpose a heavy metallic bumper 70 is secured to the front brace 71 of the frame 21. This bumper 70 is arranged to engage a bumper 72 which is carried by the rear of the tubular portion 66 of the boom 35. The engaging faces of bumper 7G and the engaging end of the bumper 72 lie substantially in a vertical plane when the boom is in its foremost lowermost position, and since the portion 66 angles forwardly downwardly, the bumper 72 is in a triangular form. Bumper 72' may be formed of angle iron in which the flange 73, which is disposed 90 with respect to the bumper 72, lies flat and is attached to a reenforcing bracket 74 at the rear of the tubular portion 66. Bracket 74 carries bolts 75 and the bumper 72 is provided with a series of holes 76 for receiving the bolts 75. The bumper 72 can be raised or lowered by changing its relative position with respect to the bracket 74. The bumper is held in adjusting position by the nuts 77 on the bolts 75.

When the boom 35 is lowered to the position shown in Fig. 1, that is when bumper 72 rests against bumper 70, the boom and the bucket 59 are thrust forwardly by the forward movement of the vehicle and the thrust reaction is absorbed substantially completely from the engagement of bumper 72 with the frame bumper 70. Any tortional thrust will be absorbed through the rollers 49 and 50 and the roller pad 38.

The boom 35 is raised and lowered above the pivot 36 by the hydraulic jack 40. The lower end of this jack has integrally formed therewith a bracket 79 which is pivotally attached, by a pivot 80, to the turntable 37 adjacent the periphery of the table and diametrically opposite the pivot 36 for the boom. This jack includes a cylinder 81 and concentrically arranged or telescoping rams 82 and 83. The smaller of the two rams 83 slides within ram 82 and ram 82 slides within the cylinder 81. The upper end of the cover portion 67 of the boom 35 is pressed outwardly to provide side walls 85 which carry a pivot 86 and the outer end of ram 83 is pivotally supported on the pivot 86.

Liquid hydraulic fluid is admitted to and taken from the cylinder 81 through a tube 88. When the boom is in the position shown in Fig. l, and when fluid is admitted to the lower part of cylinder 81, both rams 82 aed 83 move outwardly upwardly until the ram 82 reaches its fullest stroke and then the ram 83 will continue to move outwardly to the position desired which may be to the 'end of the stroke of the rain. The multiple telescopic or multiple concentric ram type of hydraulic jack is a standard product on the market. Obviously, in such machines as herein shown the size of hydraulic equipment is limited and consequently the pressure and rate of flow It is also obvious that the arouses 4 greatest loads imposed upon the jack 40 are the lifting of the load from its static position and the lifting of the load upwardly from such position to beyond the horizontal plane of the pivot 36 of the boom. With ram 83 in its non-extended position both rams will be thrust forward when hydraulic liquid is forced into the cylinder. Since the displacement of both rams is greater than that of ram 83, more lifting force is available when both rams move outwardly than when ram 83 alone moves outwardly, at a limited pressure and limited rate of fiow of hydraulic liquid. In accordance with the present invention, the arrangement is such that both rams are extended concomitantly when the load on the boom is the greatest. Thus, the boom is readily started from its static *lower position and lifted upwardly beyond the horizontal plane of the pivot 36 to a point where more of the load is carried by the pivot 36, at which point the ram 82 is fully exended and all liquid pressure is exerted through ram 83. The load then is less on the jack 40 and the speed of the upward movement of the boom is increased.

The relative position of the bucket with respect to the boom is controlled by a hydraulic jack 90 including :1 cylinder 90 and a ram 92. One end of the cylinder 91 carries a bracket 93 which pivots about a pivot 94. The hydraulic jack 90 is illustrated as contained within the tubular portion 66 of the boom 35, the ends of the pivot being carried by opposite sides of the tube 66. The tool to be actuated, as for example, the bucket 59, is provided with cars 96; the outer end of the ram 92 is connected to cars 96 by a pivot 97. Suitable controls are accessible to the operator for extending and contracting the ram 92 to position the bucket in digging or shoveling or unloading position. Fig. 3 shows the ram 92 extended for unloading the bucket 59, such position being shown by the dotted lines.

Spring retaining sockets 99 are illustrated as formed on the outer side of each of the tines 63 and each supports a spring 100. When the rear of the bucket touches the forward part of the spring 100, the bucket 59 is in the desirable scooping position. The operator will set the bucket 59 in that position when he causes the retraction of the bucket from the dotted line position shown in Fig. 3. At that time the boom and bucket are in positions in which the operator can readily observe whether or not the rear of the bucket is touching the forward end of the spring 100. It may be desirable to jiggle the bucket 59 somewhat during the loading thereof by swinging the bucket slightly about its pivot 62. The spring 109 will yield sufficiently to provide sufiicient counterclockwise rotation of the bucket and a skilled operator will know by the action of his hydraulic equipment, for actuating the bucket, whether or not the bucket has been returned to the proper scooping or digging position.

It will be understood from the foregoing that the present invention is not limited merely to the actuation of a work tool such as a bucket but is capable of many other uses. An example of this is shown in Fig. 8, wherein a lever 102 is pivotally connected to the pivot 62 on the lower end of the tine 63. This lever is provided with an arm 103 which is connected by pivot 97 to a ram 92. Thus the lever 102 forms an extension to the boom 35, and by actuating the jack 90, movement can be imparted to the extension without manipulating the boom 35. Obviously other forms or shapes of lever may be employed other than that disclosed in Fig. 8, while utilizing the principle of pivoting the same upon the tines 63 of the boom 35, and manipulating the same through the jack 90.

When the bumper 72 is in the position shown in Fig. 1, and this bumper rests against bumper 72, the scooping surface of the bucket 59 lies substantially in the same plane as ground level. If, for example, it is desirable to dig below or above the ground level, the bumper 70 can be lowered or raised, respectively, with respect to the bracket 74.

The bumper 70 is arcuate in shape, the axis of the curve of the bumper being substantially coincidentswith whether the boom 35 is in its exact center position or to the right or left of the said position. Likewise, when the bucket is at digginglevel, or ground level, it and the boom are free to move far enough from center toward either side to clear a path in front of either wheel 25 or 26. In other words, the material can be moved although it is forwardly to the side of the wheels 25 and 26. Thus, also, the operator may without changing the position of the rear wheels dig or gather material from in front of the machine in a space wider than the width of the machine. Another way of expressing this freedom of movement is to say that the fixed structure is spaced to provide clearance along the arc of movement of the boom and bucket for such swinging.

By reason of the turntable and the supporting of the boom and lifting jack for the boom by the turntable, the vehicle 20 need be moved only in the direction necessary to move the work tool, such as the bucket, forwardly.

The unloading of the load can take place on either side of the loading machine by merely raising the boom, turning the turntable and then manipulating the tool actuating jack 90. Obviously this same machine can be used for removing articles from vehicles from either of the opposite sides thereof to a position forward of the machine, as for example, the removing of tile from a truck alongside of the machine and lowering the tile into a ditch in front of the machine by equipment such as that shown in Fig. 8.

When the boom 35 is in its foremost lowermost position as shown in Fig. 1, lifting movement of the boom, by the jack 48, and turning movement of the boom through the platform 42, can be effected simultaneously. It will be observed, from Fig. 1, that all parts of the boom which lie below the top of the frame 41 also lie forwardly of the frame when the boom is in its foremost lowermost position. Thus it will be seen that a turning movement can be imparted to the boom by the turntable as soon as lifting movement is imparted to the boom by the jack. In this manner, a skilled workman can readily bring the bucket to either of its full swung laterally extending positions by the time that the jack has elevated the bucket to its highest position.

Other advantages of the present invention will be apparent to'those skilled in the art. For example, a variety of problems which, prior to this invention, kept proposals of this general type from being highly satisfactory has been solved by the above-disclosed invention. These problems were particularly concerned with visibility, stability, dumping height, and speed of manipulation of the scoop or bucket. These problems are solved by a combination of features.

It will be observed from the drawings that substantially the entire turntable structure is below seat level. This aids considerably toward visibility, but it puts the horizontal boom axis 36 at a low level. The low level of the horizontal axis 36 presents a problem of attaining ade quate dumping height without having an excessively long boom, which would present problems including the problem of balance or stability. A most important factor in boom length is the length of the boom outwardly from the vertical pivotal axis or swing axis. This length determines the distance which the load projects beyond the side of the chassis structure when swung to the 90 position on either side. Stability in this situation is a most dificult problem. It is not practical to provide sufiicient counterweighting to withstand a heavy load projected very far to the side.

It will be observed from Fig. 3 that with the bucket in fully raised position, a substantial part of the load lies inside of the outer side of the tire 26. It is obvious that stability in this position has been attained and that the "6 bucket couldbe raised in forward alignment to its" highest position before being swung, if such an unusual load is carried that the greater projection the boom has when horizontal would be unstable.

Likewise, the hook on lever 102, when this lever is upright, will carry a load close to the wheels for maximum stability. This lateral stability, together with adequate height for dumping, is attained by giving the boom a wide angle of elevating movement and positioning its horizontalpivotal axis a substantial distance beyond the swing axis from the bucket. Thus it is apparent from Fig. 3 that the pivotal axis 36 is something like half the distance from the swing axis to the wheel. From a comparison of Figs. 1 and 3, it is apparent that the maximum angular movement of the boom in its elevating operation is fairly close to 90, at least over Adequate initial lifting powertogether with adequate speed of total lift over this wide angle is attained by a hydraulic jack which has greater force-producing characteristics when the boom is down than when the boom is up. This results partly from the telescoping pistons already described, but it results also in part from the illustrated arrangement in which the effective length of the torque arm decreases as the boom rises, especially as the lift of the load per degree of boom elevation decreases. Thus in Fig. 1, it is seen that a line drawn from the axis 36 to the extended axis of the cylinder 81, and perpendicular to it, is considerably longer than the corresponding line from axis 36 and perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 81 or piston 83 in Fig. 3.

The visibility attained by the low turntable is seen from the. drawings to be further enhanced by having the turntable spaced from the wheel 26, so the driver can see between them. Although the turntable is mostly back of front axle 22 for increased stability, the drivers position is about as far forward as the turntable position and its dimensions permit.

An indiction of how low and far to the rear the turntable is positioned is found in the fact that, as seen by examining the drawings, if a straight line were drawn from horizontal pivot 36 to the digging edge of the bucket, it would pass through the cylindrical zone subtended by wheels 25 and 26.

I claim:

l. A loading machine including a mobile vehicle having vehicle wheels and fixed structure movably carried by the wheels, including a frame; a turntable on the forward end-of the frame and revolvable about a substantially vertical axis passing through the cylindrical space subtended by the front vehicle wheels, said turntable including upper and lower circular pads and rolling means running between them; means for horizontally rotating the turntable in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction; a rigid boom pivotally mounted for vertical pivoting, on the turntable, a scoop carried by the boom, said boom being pivotal to a position extending downwardly to hold the scoop in digging position at ground level, said boom when so positioned being free to swing with said turntable a substantial amount in either direction from center to move material at ground level to clear a path for the vehicle wheels, and a hydraulic jack inter posed between the turntable and the boom having one end pivotally supported by the turntable and having the other end pivotally connected with said boom; said vehicle including an operators seat and control devices; said turntable being substantially entirely below the level of the operators seat, and a straight line drawn between the horizontal pivotal axis of the boom and the digging edge of the scoop at ground level passing through said cylindrical space.

2. A loading machine including a mobile vehicle having vehicle wheels and fixed structure movably carried by the wheels, including a frame; a turntable on the forward end of the frame and revolvable about a substantially vertical axis passing through the cylindrical space subtended by the front vehicle wheels, said turntable including upper and lower circular pads and rolling means running between them; means for horizontally rotating the turntable in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction; a rigid boom pivotally mounted for vertical pivoting, on the turntable, a scoop carried by the boom, said boom being pivotal to a position extending downwardly to hold the scoop in digging position at ground level, said boom when so positioned being free to swing with said turntable a substantial amount in either direction from center to move material at ground level to clear a path for the vehicle wheels, and a hydraulic jack interposed between the turntable and the boom having one end pivotally supported by the turntable and having the other end pivotallyrconnected with said boom; said vehicle including an operators seat and control devices; said turntable being substantially entirely below the level of the operators seat, and a straight line drawn between the horizontal pivotal axis of the boom and the digging edge of the scoop at ground level passing through said cylindrical space; and said horizontal pivotal axis being so located on the turntable that when the scoop is swung 90 to either side, the horizontal axis is at least approximately half the distance from the turntable axis toward the inside plane of a front wheel.

3. A loading machine including a mobile vehicle having vehicle wheels and fixed structure movably carried by the wheels, including a frame; a turntable on'the for ward end of the frame and revolvable about a substantially vertical axis passing through the cylindrical space subtended by the from vehicle wheels, said turntable including upper and lower circular pads and rolling means running between them, means for horizontally rotating the turntable in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction; a rigid boom pivotally mounted for vertical pivoting, on the turntable, a scoop carried by the boom, said boom being pivotal to a position extending'downwardly to hold the scoop in digging position at ground level, said boom when so positioned being free to swing with said turntable a substantial amount in either direction from center to move material at ground level to clear a path for the vehicle wheels, and a hydraulic jack interposed between the turntable and the boom having one end pivotally supported by the turntable and having the other end pivotally connected with said boom; said vehicle including an operators seat and control devices; said turntable being substantially entirely below the level of the operators seat, and a straight line drawn between the horizontal pivotal axis of the boom and the digging edge of the scoop at ground level passing throughsaid cylindrical space; and said horizontal pivotal axis being so located on the turntable that when the scoop is swung to either side, the horizontal axis is at least approximately half the-distance from the turntable axis toward the inside plane of a front wheel; and the length of the boom and its angular movement during elevating the load being such that in its uppermost position a substantial part of the scoop lies inside the outer plane of a front Wheel.

4. A loading machine including a mobile vehicle having vehicle wheels and fixed structure movably carried by the wheels, including a frame; a turntable on the forward end of the frame and revolvable about a substantially vertical axis passing through the cylindrical space subtended by the front vehicle wheels, said turntable including upper and lower circular pads and rolling means running between them, means for horizontally rotating the turntable in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction; a rigid boom pivotally mounted for vertical pivoting, on the turntable, a scoop carried by the boom, said boom being pivotal to a position extending downwardly to hold the scoop in digging position at ground level, and a hydraulic jack interposed between the turntable and the boom having one end pivotally supported by the turntable and having the other end pivotally connected with said boom; said vehicle including an operators seat and control devices; said turntable being substantially entirely below the level of the operators seat, and a straight line drawn between the horizontal pivotal axis of the boom and the digging edge of the scoop at ground level passing through said cylindrical space; and said horizontal pivotal axis being so located on the turntable that when the scoop is swung 90 to either side, the horizontal axis is at least approximately half the distance from the turntable axis toward the inside plane of a front wheel; and the length of the boom and its angular movement during elevating the load being such that in its uppermost position a substantial part of the scoop lies inside the outer plane of a front Wheel.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,169,569 Roberts Jan. 25, 1916 1,362,566 Fulton et a1 Dec. 14, 1920 2,391,857 Arps et a1 Jan. 1, 1946 2,418,299 Gorsuch Apr. 1, 1947 

